激光安全知识普及(2)
<Palign=center><B>视功能变化</B><B><p></p></B></P><P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
<P >激光眼损伤后,使视力变化与受伤部位和损伤程度有关。黄斑是视锥细胞最集中的地方,是视觉最敏锐区,因而黄斑中心区损伤时视力下降最明显,损伤程度与重,对视力影响愈大。例如同是黄斑区损伤时,<FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT>只<FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT>级损伤眼视力降至<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.4~0.7</FONT>之间,而<FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT>只<FONT face="Times New Roman">II</FONT>级以上损伤眼中有<FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT>只眼伤后早期树立降至<FONT face="Times New Roman">0.1</FONT>以下,而黄斑区以外的轻度损伤,视力日人可保持正常,但重度损伤压强内内有大量出血遮挡视轴时,亦可引起势力明显降低。激光眼损伤后的势力变化情况见表。<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><B>受伤眼的视力变化</B><B><p></p></B></P>
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<TR >
<TDvAlign=top width=140 rowSpan=2>
<Palign=center>损伤部位<p></p></P></TD>
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<Palign=center>损伤程度<p></p></P></TD>
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<Palign=center>眼数(只)<p></p></P></TD>
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<P >视<p></p></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=109>
<Palign=center>力<p></p></P></TD></TR>
<TR >
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<Palign=center>治疗前<p></p></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=109>
<Palign=center>治疗后<p></p></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TDvAlign=top width=140>
<Palign=center>黄斑中心区<p></p></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=91>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">I<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">II<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">III<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=98>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">6<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">12<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">7<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=119>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.4~0.7<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.2~0.5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">Fc~0.1<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">Hm~0.08<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=109>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.0~1.5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.6~1.2<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.1~0.8<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.05~0.9<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR>
<TR>
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<Palign=center>黄斑中心以外<p></p></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=91>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">I<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">II<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">III<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=98>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">2<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">2<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=119>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.0~1.5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.1~0.4<p></p></FONT></P></TD>
<TDvAlign=top width=109>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.8~1.5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.5<p></p></FONT></P>
<Palign=center><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.6~0.9<p></p></FONT></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P >注:<FONT face="Times New Roman">1.</FONT>视力检查采取国际标准视力表<FONT face="Times New Roman">2.Fc-</FONT>眼前指数<FONT face="Times New Roman"> 3.Hm-</FONT>眼前手动<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>
<P >治疗后患眼视力均有不同程度的提高,其中损伤程度愈轻,视力恢复愈好,但亦有个体差异。有黄斑破孔者,由于视觉敏感细胞受到严重破坏,视力一般难以明显恢复。<p></p></P>
<P >黄斑区损伤愈后,由于形成瘢痕,病人可出现明显的视觉干扰症状,如患眼容易疲劳、酸胀,眼前有中心暗影遮挡,视物模糊、变形、视颜色边淡、立体感差等。黄斑<FONT face="Times New Roman">I</FONT>级损伤或中心以外损伤眼,在受伤数年以后上述症状可减轻或消失,部分病人眼前暗影亦逐渐变淡。但严重的黄斑区损伤,尤其是继发黄斑破孔,主觉症状均比较重,且始终存在。<p></p></P>
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