可见光的相关光学知识和术语
<p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 128.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 8.0;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #0000a2; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">可见光的相关光学知识和术语<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: 36.0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">¤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: red; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光与电磁波：<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 10pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">光是一种电磁波，速度为：<span lang="EN-US">30×10000 km/s</span></font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;">
</span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">波长为<span lang="EN-US">780～380nm（纳米），1纳米=10</span></span><sup><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">-9</font></span></sup><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">米<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 31.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: -31.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.27;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff6600; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">¤</font></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;">.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><font size="3">
</font></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">光谱与颜色： <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 22.8pt; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.17gd;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>光谱：红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>红外线波长：620～780nm。紫外线的波长：380～420nm。如下图： </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.25; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体;">波长 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体;">780～620～590～560～490～450～420～380nm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></p><p class="Default" align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" ospt="75" opreferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path oextrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" oconnecttype="rect"></path><lock vext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock></shapetype><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">太阳光：波长是<span lang="EN-US">780～380nm，纯白色。<p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>白炽灯：波长为780～400nm，缺少紫光，故合成后光色略偏红黄。<p></p></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>荧光灯：波长为750～310nm，缺少红光，故合成后略带青色或呈青白色。<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #99cc00; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">¤</font></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #99cc00; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;">.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: #99cc00; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;">
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></b><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">发光强度的空间分布</span><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>光</font></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 18.0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">任何光源在空间各方向上的发光强度都不一样，我们可以用数据或图形把光源发光强度在空间的分布状况记录下来，通常我们用纵坐标来表示光源的光强分布，以坐标原点为中心，把各方向上的光源用矢量标注出来，连接矢量的端点，即形成光强分布曲线，也叫配光曲线。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">
</font></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">因为大部份的光源的形状是轴对称的旋转体，其发光强度在空间的分布也是轴对称的。所以，通过光源轴线取任一平面，以该平面内的光强分布曲线来表明光源在整个空间的分布就够了。如果光源发光强度在空间的分布是不对称的，例如长条形的荧光光源，则需要用若干测光平面的光强度分布曲线来说明空间光分布。取同光源长轴相垂直的通过灯具中心下垂线的平面为<span lang="EN-US">C0平面，与C0平面垂直且通过光源中心的下垂线的平面为C90平面。至少要用C0、C90两个平面的光强分布说明非对称光源的空间配光。为了便于对各种光源的光分布特性进行比较，统一规定以光通量为1000流明（lm）的假想光源来提供光强分布数据。因此，实际光强应是测光资料提供的光强值乘以光源实际光通量与1000之比。 </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #339966; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">¤</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #339966;">.</span></b></font><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: #339966; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;">
</span></b><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">照度与空间发光强度分布 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光源的布置和照度计算是照明设计的重要组成部份，直接影响光源设计质量。光源照度计算：</span><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3">
</font></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 120pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 12.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" oole="" style="WIDTH: 177pt; HEIGHT: 33pt;"><imagedata otitle="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.wmz"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></imagedata></shape></span><p></p></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 47.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 47.5;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">式中：<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>E：照度 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>ΔS：受光面积 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>F：光通量 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>IQ: 发光强度 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">公式表明：点光源所产生照度和它到受照面的距离的平方成反比，和入射角的余弦成正比，和反光强度成正比。当光源尺寸小于它到受照面距离的<span lang="EN-US">1/10时即视为点光源。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #33cccc; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">¤</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #33cccc;">.</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">名词解释： </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">1.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光通量：单位时间光源向空间发出的、使人产生光感觉的能量。设光源在<span lang="EN-US">t秒内总共辐射出的光能是W，我们就把辐射出来的光能W与辐射所经过的时间t之比称为光通量。光通量是衡量光源发光多少的一个指标。以F表示，单位为光瓦。光瓦单位太大，常用流明（lm）作为实用单位，它们的关系是1光瓦=683流明（lm）。1lm=1cd·sr </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">例：普通<span lang="EN-US">40W荧光灯的光通量为2200流明（100小时） </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>国产白炽灯每消耗1W电能所产生的光通量约为12.5lm（4tlm） </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">2.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">发光强度：是光通量的空间密度，即单位立体角的光通量，也就是衡量光源发光强弱程度的量。单位为坎德拉（<span lang="EN-US">cd）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">一支蜡烛的发光强度约为<span lang="EN-US">1cd。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">国产<span lang="EN-US">100W普通白炽灯的发光强度约为100cd。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光亮程度的一个量。以<span lang="EN-US">E表示，单位为勒克斯（Lx）。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">例：自然光的照度大约如下：<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 5.43gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>晴天的阳光直射下<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>100000Lx <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 5.43gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>晴天时背阴处<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>10000Lx<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><p></p></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 5.43gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>晴天时室内角落<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>20 Lx<p></p></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-para-margin-top: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: 5.0pt; mso-para-margin-left: 5.43gd;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>月夜<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>0.2 Lx<p></p></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.5;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>一般办公室要求的照度 </span><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">100～200 Lx<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>一般学习的照度<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>应不少于75Lx </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.5;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">在<span lang="EN-US">40W普通灯泡正下方1m处的照度<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>约为30Lx </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">40W荧光灯正下方1.3m处的照度<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>约为90Lx </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">4.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光亮度（简称亮度）：单元表面在某一方向上的光强密度，它等于该方向上的发光强度和此表面在该方向上的投影面积之比。即被视物体在视线方向单位投影面上的发光强度称为该物体表面的亮度。亮度往往是表示某个方向上的亮度。以<span lang="EN-US">B表示，单位：坎德拉每平方米，符号：cd/㎡。或尼特（nt）、熙提（sb）。1nt尼特=1cd/㎡，1sb熙提=10000nt尼特。用公式表示如下：</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"> </font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 202pt; mso-char-indent-count: 20.2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 12pt; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt;"><shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" oole="" style="WIDTH: 75pt; HEIGHT: 30.75pt;"><imagedata otitle="" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhao\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.wmz"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></imagedata></shape></span><p></p></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">40W荧光灯的表面照度为7000cd/㎡ </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 40pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">白炽灯的灯丝亮度约为<span lang="EN-US">400×10 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">4</span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">太阳亮度约为<span lang="EN-US">20×10 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">8 cd/㎡</span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">一般阴天天空亮度平均值为<span lang="EN-US">2000cd/㎡ <p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">5.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光效：光源的发光效率，就是光源所发生的光通量和它所消耗的电功率之比，简称光效。单位：流明<span lang="EN-US">/瓦，符号：lm/W </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">一般白炽灯泡的光效约为<span lang="EN-US">7～20lm/W </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">直管形荧光灯的光效约为<span lang="EN-US">30～60lm/W,所以使用荧光灯比使用白炽灯更能节约能源。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #33cccc; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></b></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #33cccc; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">¤</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #33cccc;">.</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光色与失真 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">光色是衡量光源质量的一个重要指标。含： </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">1.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">色表：人眼直接观察发生的光线所看到的颜色。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">2.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">显色性：光线照射到物体表面上所产生的客观效果。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">3.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">显色指数：灯光下所显示的颜色与阳光下的颜色相比较之数值。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">4.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">色温：是表示炽热发光物体具有的颜色。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: #3366ff; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">¤</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #3366ff;">.</span></b></font><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;">
</span></b><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">科学合理的光源 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">1.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">亮度对比 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">当周围亮度与中心亮度相等时，或周围稍暗时，视力最好。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">2.</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">眩光 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 60pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">在视环境内，若有亮度极高的物体或强烈的亮度。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 60pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">分直射眩光和反射眩光。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">直射眩光是由光源发出的光线直接射到人眼所造成的。眩光引起视觉不舒适的原因有： </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">①<span lang="EN-US"> .高度的刺激使瞳孔缩小； </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">②<span lang="EN-US"> .由于角膜或晶体等眼内组织产生光散射，在眼内形成光幕； </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">③<span lang="EN-US"> .视幕受高亮度的刺激，使适应状态破坏。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>直射眩光的强弱与光源有关，以下情况眩光最显著： </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">①<span lang="EN-US"> .光源周围暗，眼睛适应越暗，眩光越显著。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">②<span lang="EN-US"> .光源亮度越高，眩光越显著。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">③<span lang="EN-US"> .光源越接近视线，眩光越显著。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">④<span lang="EN-US"> .光源的表面积越大，光源数目越多，眩光越显著。 </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>一般亮度超过160000cd/㎡就有不舒适的眩光产生。避免方法： </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;"><font face="宋体">控制光源的光线投射方向，使光源不能直接射向人眼，这就要求灯具（或灯罩）具有一定的保护角。<span lang="EN-US">
<p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="Default" style="MARGIN: 5pt 0cm 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt;">有的光源用透明格栅式或半透明罩来遮住光源，由于发光面积增大而使每个发光的亮度降低，光线就变得柔和而不刺眼。 </span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font size="3"></font></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> <p>谢谢楼主 我正在找这方面的知识呢</p><p></p> 不错，还比较详细，多谢楼主了！
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