[转帖]应用于美容科的主要激光器治疗原理
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（一）强脉冲光皮肤治疗系统</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">强脉冲光皮肤治疗系统采用专利的强脉冲光技术，输出波段为</span><span lang="EN-US">560</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">－</span><span lang="EN-US">1200nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，能量密度为</span><span lang="EN-US">20~48 j/cm2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，脉宽</span><span lang="EN-US">2~7ms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，光斑尺寸为</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">×</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="34" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">34mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，可安全无创清除面部各种色素性和血管性斑块，同时刺激胶原组织增生，恢复皮肤弹性，似的面部皮肤得到整体提升，重新焕发出健康的青春风采。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">大量的临床实践证明，光子嫩肤可以同时在全面部达到下列七大显著疗效：</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">最大程度地清除或减淡各种色斑和年龄斑；</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">去除面部红血丝（毛细管扩张）和红斑痤疮；</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">抚平细小皱纹；</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">收缩粗大毛孔；</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">增厚肌肤胶原层，增强皮肤弹性；</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">显著改善面部皮肤粗糙的状况；</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">消除或减淡痤疮疤痕。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（二）</span><span lang="EN-US">co2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器：</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>co2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光几乎被生物组织在表层</span><span lang="EN-US">200?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">所吸收，因而在皮肤科、整形美容科被广泛应用。</span><span lang="EN-US">co2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光的模式质量或模式结构决定了光束质量，对于美容应用而言，单模（又称基模</span><span lang="EN-US">temoo</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">）的</span><span lang="EN-US">co2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光是最佳选择，其具有的最小光斑和最大能量与多模的激光相比，</span>
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">除可以应用于表皮性治疗外，还可以用于组织切割、切除和表皮磨削，因而在美容科发挥着巨大作用。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（三）红宝石激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">红宝石激光器是</span><span lang="EN-US">1960</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">年世界上制成的第一台激光器，也是最早应用于医疗上的激光器。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">红宝石激光器波长为</span><span lang="EN-US">694.3nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">的可见红光，多为脉冲工作方式，脉冲频率为</span><span lang="EN-US">1.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">赫兹或单个脉冲，光斑直径为</span><span lang="EN-US">3~<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="6" unitname="mm">6mm</chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，导光臂或光纤传输。这种波长的激光最不易被氧合血红蛋白吸收，血红蛋白对它的吸收率也较低，仅有</span><span lang="EN-US">11~15%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，而黑色素对其吸收率较高，吸收系数约为</span><span lang="EN-US">11~12</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">左右，尤其适用于各种色素性疾病。临床常用其长脉冲模式（脉宽</span><span lang="EN-US">1.2ms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，能量密度</span><span lang="EN-US">10~40j/cm2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），深入皮肤真皮层，破坏毛囊，永久性去除身体多余毛发；调</span><span lang="EN-US">q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">模式（脉宽</span><span lang="EN-US">25~40ms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，峰值功率在几十兆瓦以上），使黑色素细胞大量吸热，并在超脉冲波的作用下破裂分解，可有效治疗蓝、黑和绿色文身及各种良性色素性病变。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（四）翠绿宝石激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">翠绿宝石激光器，波长为</span><span lang="EN-US">755nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，特长脉冲输出，脉宽为</span><span lang="EN-US">2~40ms</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，组织能量密度可高达</span><span lang="EN-US">50 j/cm2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，单个光斑直径为</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">5mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="7" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">7mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">10mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，重复效率：</span><span lang="EN-US">1~5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">个脉冲</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">秒，光纤传输或关节臂传输，可用于去除身体多余毛发。经</span><span lang="EN-US">q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">开关调制后，可用于去除文身及各种良性色素性病变。其作用原理和效果与红宝石类似。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">另一种调</span><span lang="EN-US">q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">方式的翠绿宝石激光，输出波长为</span><span lang="EN-US">752nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，组织能量密度为</span><span lang="EN-US">10 j/cm2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，脉宽为</span><span lang="EN-US">45~75ns</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，脉冲频率为单个脉冲或</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">10hz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，光斑直径为</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1.4" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">1.4mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">±</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue=".1" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">0.1mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，利用其超脉冲的瞬间巨大能量可使色素细胞破裂分解，用于治疗多种颜色的专业和业余文身及良性色素性病变，如表浅的褐色斑、老年斑、雀斑及深层的太田痣、错误文身、文眉等。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（五）</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器是医学中用得较多的激光器，它的转换率高，输出功率大，单根晶体工作时输出功率可达百瓦，比</span><span lang="EN-US">co2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">气体激光止血及凝固效果好，故在医学上常用来做手术刀，广泛应用于普外科、耳鼻喉科、泌尿科和骨科及整形科经皮椎间盘手术等，切割血管丰富的组织，大大减少出血。</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光脉冲能量大，不易被水和血红蛋白吸收，故穿透组织较深。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器激光波长为</span><span lang="EN-US">1.064?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，可通过石英光纤传输，使用方便。输出方式有连续、脉冲和重复脉冲，末端功率为</span><span lang="EN-US">1~100w</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器采用调</span><span lang="EN-US">q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">技术后，其峰值功率可达连续输出的</span><span lang="EN-US">40~100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">倍，形成巨脉冲，具有高强度低能量的特点，可通过机械作用和强电场，选择性地使一些吸收热能的小颗粒（文身墨、黑色素等），骤然受热而发生破损，不损伤周围组织，对深层的蓝、黑色素性病变，如太田痣、错误文身、文眉等疗效显著。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（六）倍频</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器采用倍频技术可输出</span><span lang="EN-US">0.532?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">的绿色激光，即倍频</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光，光斑直径</span><span lang="EN-US">2~<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="6" unitname="mm">6mm</chmetcnv></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，能量密度为</span><span lang="EN-US">5~12j/cm2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">。虽然血管中的氧合血红蛋白对波长为</span><span lang="EN-US">532</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">纳米的光的吸收次于</span><span lang="EN-US">585</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">纳米的光，但可选择</span><span lang="EN-US">532</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">纳米波长激光适当脉宽对血管性病变组织进行治疗。由于其穿透较浅，因而一般仅限于对较浅的血管性病变进行治疗。另外，倍频</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光也可广泛应用于胃出血、血管瘤的的治疗及显微外科手术，对于由红的染料颗粒所引起的文身、文唇等人为的皮肤色素变异亦具有一定的治疗效果。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">黑色素细胞对</span><span lang="EN-US">532</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">纳米的激光的吸收较强，加之皮肤组织对该波长的散射较强，照射在皮肤上的</span><span lang="EN-US">532</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">纳米激光能量被局限在皮肤表皮层，采用调</span><span lang="EN-US">q</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">技术后，可对表浅型黑色素细胞增生，如咖啡斑、老年斑、雀斑等达到较好的治疗效果。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（六）脉冲染料激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">脉冲染料激光器是液体激光器的一种，以染料为工作物质，如罗丹明</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="6" unitname="g"><span lang="EN-US">6g</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">等，溶剂有乙醇、苯类、水及其他物质。最大特点是其输出波长在一定范围内连续可调，所以称为可调谐激光器。医学上常用的可调谐染料激光器有</span><span lang="EN-US">n2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光泵浦可调谐染料激光器，和</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光泵浦可调谐染料激光器。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">染料激光波长分布在紫外光（</span><span lang="EN-US">321nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">）到近红外光（</span><span lang="EN-US">1.3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">μ</span><span lang="EN-US">m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">）的波段内，由于输出激光的中心随腔长、染料浓度及腔镜反射率的变化而变化，这就便于使用各种方法改变和控制染料激光器输出激光的中心波长，从而得到波长连续可调的激光。连续染料激光器的输出功率为几百毫瓦至几十瓦，脉冲器件每脉冲输出能量从零点几焦耳到几个焦耳，用光珊或多个棱镜调谐能达到的变线宽度为</span><span lang="EN-US">10-5?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">数量级。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">目前，临床常用的脉冲染料激光，其波长分别为</span><span lang="EN-US">532</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">577</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">585</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">590</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">595</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">600nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">等，采用两种脉宽（</span><span lang="EN-US">450</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">1500?s</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），多种光斑直径（</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="3" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">3mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">5mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="7" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">7mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">10mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">和</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">×</span><chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="5" unitname="mm"><span lang="EN-US">5mm</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），脚踏或触摸式开关，临床主要用于治疗多种血管性病变。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（七）半导体激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">半导体激光器的工作物质有砷化钾（</span><span lang="EN-US">gaas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），砷化铟（</span><span lang="EN-US">inas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），锑化铟（</span><span lang="EN-US">insn</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），铝化镓（</span><span lang="EN-US">gaalas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">）等，输出波长大都在可见光的长波到近红外之间，医用最短的有</span><span lang="EN-US">650nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（常用作瞄准光），常见的波长有</span><span lang="EN-US">810nm,980nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">等，不同种类的半导体激光器输出功率差别较大：双异质结条形</span><span lang="EN-US">gaas-gaalas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器连续输出功率为数百毫瓦，脉冲输出可达几十瓦；</span><span lang="EN-US">gaas</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光列阵器件连续输出功率可达百瓦级，脉冲输出已达千瓦级；可调谐</span><span lang="EN-US">pbsnte</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光器连续输出功率为零点几毫瓦，脉冲峰值功率可达几十瓦。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">较常用的</span><span lang="EN-US">810nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">半导体激光器功率为</span><span lang="EN-US">0.5~25~60w</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，治疗模式为</span><span lang="EN-US">0.1~9.9s</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">单脉冲、重复脉冲及连续输出，采用</span><span lang="EN-US">400</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">600</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">1000?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">接触式及非接触式光纤和探头传输，汽化效果较</span><span lang="EN-US">1064nm</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">快三倍，同时兼具良好的止血效果，术中术后出血少，术中光束对神经和组织没有电刺激，产生烟雾少，病人损失少，出血少，疼痛轻，愈合快，并发症少，住院时间短，另外配以多种内径的光纤可方便与任何一种内窥镜匹配，在开放手术中也可灵活应用。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">半导体激光器电光转换率高（</span><span lang="EN-US">30%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">），没有多余的热量产生，从而避免了传统</span><span lang="EN-US">nd:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">ktp</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">、</span><span lang="EN-US">ho:yag</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">及</span><span lang="EN-US">co2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">激光所需的庞大水冷系统，因此体积精巧，重量轻。同时，它也没有传统激光的闪光灯、晶体棒等高压、高热易损元件，因而寿命较长，一般半导体芯片的寿命可达</span><span lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">万小时，具有操作方便，机动灵活，耗电少，效率高等优点。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">由于半导体激光器的谐振腔短，所以产生激光的方向性较差，发散角较大。此外，因其能极复杂，所以产生激光的谱线较宽，单色性较差。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">（八）铒激光器</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="宋体"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">铒激光是一种固体脉冲激光，波长为</span><span lang="EN-US">2.94?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，处于光谱中人眼看不见的红外区，激光脉冲频率为</span><span lang="EN-US">1~20hz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，能量密度为</span><span lang="EN-US">5j/ cm2~20j/ cm2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，最大脉冲能量为</span><span lang="EN-US">1.5j</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">。铒激光具有独特的生物组织作用特性，其波长恰好位于水的最高吸收峰值，由于皮肤中</span><span lang="EN-US">70%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">以上的成分是水，因此皮肤组织对铒激光具有极强的吸收能力。当铒激光脉冲作用在皮肤上时，激光能量迅速被组织吸收，引起浅层皮肤的快速升温，导致组织的瞬间汽化分离和精密剥脱。每个激光脉冲汽化组织的深度仅为</span><span lang="EN-US">10~20?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">，而激光的热损伤也限定在</span><span lang="EN-US">10~20?m</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">的范围内，适合于去除手部、颈部和面部浅表、细小和较深的皱纹，同时对皮肤色素性疾病和毛发移植亦有理想的疗效。其独特的作用效果使术后色素沉着被控制在最小程序，尤其适合于较黑的和东方人的皮肤种类。</span><span lang="EN-US">
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